Fewer Measurements from Shadow Tomography with N -Representability Conditions

Classical shadow tomography provides a randomized scheme for approximating the quantum state and its properties at reduced computational cost with applications in quantum computing. In this Letter we present an algorithm for realizing fewer measurements in the shadow tomography of many-body systems. Accelerated tomography of the two-body reduced density matrix (2-RDM) is achieved by combining classical shadows with necessary constraints for the 2-RDM to represent an N-body system, known as N-representability conditions. We compute the ground-state energies and 2-RDMs of hydrogen chains and the N₂ dissociation curve. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in the number of measurements with important applications to quantum many-body simulations on near-term quantum devices.