Exploring the link: a comprehensive literature review of Schistosoma japonicum infection and its oncogenic potential

Background and Objective: Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by various Schistosoma species, notably Schistosoma japonicum, poses significant public health challenges. This study aims to present and analyze case reports linking cancers to Schistosoma japonicum infection. Additionally, it seeks to critically assess the evidence supporting a potential causative relationship between specific types of cancers and Schistosoma japonicum infection, drawing on previously published articles. Methods: Peer-reviewed journal articles written in English were taken from PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science to identify research studies that reported cases of cancers that are associated with Schistosoma japonicum. Case reports were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Key Content and Findings: The findings of the study showed case reports of various cancer involving the colon, rectum and liver which are associated with Schistosoma japonicum infection. The most common form includes colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, other cancers like signet ring cell carcinoma of the rectum, malignant schwannoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, atypical hemangioma, and metastatic lung tumor that arise from colon cancer associated with Schistosoma japonicum infection has been noted. Factors such as demographic risks, endemic regions, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and genetic alterations contribute to cancer development. Clinical signs and metastatic incidences underscore the complex pathology of chronic schistosomiasis. Conclusions: In conclusion, the literature strongly supports a link between Schistosoma japonicum infection and various malignancies, including liver, colon, rectum, and rare locations. Further research is needed to fully grasp the neglected disease's oncogenic potential, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions and preventive measures against parasite infections and associated malignancies.