Methods of Transport Modelling as Research Tools in Creating Traffic Safety Models in Urban Areas

In a modern city with heavy traffic and increasing complexity of transportation systems, the issue of traffic planning to minimize the number of road accidents becomes particularly acute. Transport modelling is one of the tools used in the research and development of traffic models in urban areas. By using transport modelling, it is possible to identify potential hazards and evaluate the effectiveness of proposed safety measures that reduce accident risks and improve traffic safety in urban planning. Existing transport modelling methods, including microscopic, mesoscopic, macroscopic, dynamic, and static, have been examined. An analysis of the main characteristics of each method was conducted, along with the software that supports their implementation, evaluating the advantages and limitations of each method as research tools in creating traffic safety models in urban areas. As a result of the study, the simulation micromodelling method was proposed for assessing safety levels when analyzing existing solutions or during the design phase of new elements of the street and road network in cities. Key factors have been identified that justify the use of micromodelling when forming a traffic safety model. Based on the research, it was found that for assessing the safety level of existing solutions for street and road network elements and during the development of a traffic safety model in urban areas, the simulation micromodelling method is the most appropriate. At the same time, applying a set of measures to adapt the chosen implementation of this method to a specific type of street and road network element significantly improves the accuracy of traffic safety assessment results in cities.