Quantum Tunneling Noise-based Entropy Core for True Random Number Generation

Abstract Securing edge devices is crucial in today’s interconnected world, where the Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly expanding. A “True Random Number Generator (TRNG)” is pivotal in ensuring the security of edge devices. However, strict area and power constraints are key requirements in edge applications. A high entropy source to facilitate an energy-efficient TRNG without adding extra area overhead is critical in safeguarding sensitive data and ensuring the integrity of edge computing environments. We propose a novel, experimentally validated, low area and low power entropy source that leverages inherent natural stochasticity in quantum tunneling current. In comparison with state-of-the-art TRNG architectures implemented in commercially available technologies, our innovative Quantum Tunneling-driven Ring Oscillator (QTRO) enables the TRNG with the lowest energy consumption of only 0.16 pJ/bit while also occupying the least area of only 81 μm2 in GF45RFSOI technology. The area and energy efficiency stem from quaint quantum nature – yet implemented on a mature VLSI technology. Our design is validated using NIST SP800-22 and SP800-90B randomness tests without the need to post-process the generated bitstream. We also validated our design against process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations, which shows resilience against potential security attacks.