Effects of White Noise on Pain Scores and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Surgical Neonates

Background: Neonates experience varying intensities of pain after surgery. While white noise has been used for postoperative pain relief in infants, its effects on neonates after surgery need further exploration. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of white noise on pain scores and salivary cortisol levels in surgical neonates. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 64 neonates scheduled for surgery were recruited and assigned by block randomization into 2 groups. The intervention group listened to white noise at 50 dB, while the control group listened to white noise at 0 dB, for 30 minutes 6 times for 48 hours postoperatively. Pain scores, measured by the COMFORTneo Scale, and salivary cortisol levels were compared. Results: Although pain scores decreased after surgery in all subjects, no statistically significant difference was observed between the 2 groups ( P = .937). There was a significant difference between pre- and postintervention pain scores in the intervention group only ( P = .006). Salivary cortisol levels decreased after intervention in the intervention group, but there was no significant difference between pre- and postintervention levels in the 2 groups ( P = .716). Implications for Practice: Given the reduction in pain scores and salivary cortisol concentrations after white noise intervention, white noise shows potential as an adjunctive soothing measure for neonates after surgery. Implications for Research: Future studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and utility of white noise intervention in clinical settings.