Perceptions of Malaysian University Mathematics Instructors of the Challenges they Face in Implementing Effective Distance Learning

Mathematics lecturers face various difficulties in implementing effective distance learning such as the lecturer's motivation in an online class. This research aims to explore the challenges encountered by lecturers when implementing effective distance learning. A qualitative case study approach was used to explore issues regarding effective distance learning in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Eight mathematics lecturers from three different institutions were chosen to be the participants using purposive sampling. The participants consisted of five lecturers from Kolej Matrikulasi Negeri Sembilan (KMNS), two lecturers from Kolej Matrikulasi Pulau Pinang (KMPP), and one lecturer from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The research data was collected through semi-structured interviews followed by field notes. Thematic analysis techniques were used to identify the constructs, themes and patterns present using the NVivo software. The interview findings highlighted six main themes, specifically the students' engagement and motivation, lack of communication, lack of immediate feedback, difficulty when demonstrating and in visualisation, developing the learning materials and limited internet connectivity. Lecturers may consider incorporating engaging activities to keep students interested throughout the lesson. Additionally, backup plans should be developed to address issues related to internet connectivity, which can disrupt the teaching and learning process.