Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on Hollow Vascular Networks for Self-Healing Concrete Using Recycled Materials

Self-healing concrete can repair and seal cracks, this study explores fused deposition modelling (FDM) for creating novel vascular networks and tubes using polylactic acid (PLA) as a material they are incorporated within the concrete beam to injection the healing agent.The problem addressed in the text is to understand how interaction different printing parameters on different layer thicknesses (0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50) mm affect the mechanical properties of (PLA) samples produced through (FDM) with a 3D printer, which was investigated using standardized tests.The hardness and tensile strength were determined using the ASTM D2240 method and ASTM D638-10, while water absorption was assessed using the ISO 62 standard.The bending properties of the specimens were analyzed using the ASTM D790-10 three-point bending test.Tensile and flexural strength increased up to 72 MPa and 81 MPa respectively as layer thickness increased up to 0.4 this layer was chosen to print the hollow vascular network.