Association of Severity of Coronary Artery Disease With SYNTAX Score and Ankle Brachial Index

Objective: To compare the Ankle Brachial Index and SYNTAX score in predicting Coronary Artery Disease severity and the variation of ABI with respect to SYNTAX score. Study Design: Analytical Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi; from Jan-Jun 2023. Methodology: Total 216 coronary angiographically confirmed cases of Coronary Artery Disease were consecutively enrolled in study and data was gathered prospectively on a pre-designed proforma containing patients’ demographic details, risk factors and study’s focal variables such as; Ankle Brachial Index, SYNTAX Score, coronary artery disease severity. Association of categorized data was found by Chi-square test and Fischer Exact test. Correlation analysis was done to find the relationship between Ankle Brachial Index and SYNTAX score with p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Out of 216 study participants, males were 180(83.3%) and females were 36(16.7%) having mean age 59.97±10.72 years. Majority of the patients had low SYNTAX score, 96(44.4%) and 95(43.9%) patients ranged in 0.91-1.0 ABI. A statistically significant and negative correlation between ABI and SYNTAX score (r=-0.879; p<0.001) and significant association of ABI and SYNTAX score with CAD severity (p<0.001) was found. Conclusion: Although Ankle Brachial Index is an indicator of Peripheral Arterial Disease but it can also be used as an independent predictor and non-invasive and time saving indicator of complexity of Coronary Artery Disease prior to coronary angiography.