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In an effort to understand and address juvenile delinquency in Indonesia, this study combines legal and social analysis to offer innovative and sustainable solutions. Focusing on the concept of community surveillance inspired by Michael Foucault's Panopticon theory, this study explores how Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code interacts with changing social dynamics. With a prescriptive approach, the study reveals the urgent need for a flexible legal framework—one that not only punishes but also supports the process of rehabilitation and social reintegration for adolescents. The research also highlights challenges posed by information technology, such as how unfettered access to digital media affects adolescent attitudes and actions. Social phenomena such as "klithih" are analyzed to understand the influence of family, peers, and community in shaping adolescent behavior. As a result, the study offers recommendations for a more humane and effective legal framework, as well as prevention strategies that strengthen the role of communities in educating and supervising young people. It is hoped that these findings will encourage policymakers, legal practitioners, and the general public to adopt a more holistic and evidence-based approach in addressing juvenile delinquency, thus creating a brighter future for Indonesian youth.
Lukitasari et al. (Thu,) studied this question.