Spectroscopy Insight in the Nickel Catalyst State in Carbon Nanotube Growth inside Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

first_page Download PDF settings Order Article Reprints Font Type: Arial Georgia Verdana Font Size: Aa Aa Aa Line Spacing:    Column Width:    Background: Open AccessAbstract Spectroscopy Insight in the Nickel Catalyst State in Carbon Nanotube Growth inside Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes † by Marianna V. KharlamovaMarianna V. Kharlamova SciProfiles Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar Centre for Advanced Materials Application (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 5807/9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia † Presented at the 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering (ECP 2024), 29–31 May 2024; Available online: https://sciforum.net/event/ECP2024. Proceedings 2024, 105(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105010 Published: 28 May 2024 (This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Processes—Green and Sustainable Process Engineering and Process Systems Engineering) Download keyboard_arrow_down Download PDF Download PDF with Cover Download XML Download Epub Download Supplementary Material Versions Notes Keywords: carbon nanotube; metallocene; growth; spectroscopy The catalyst state in carbon nanotube growth is metal or metal carbide. It is important to investigate the chemical state of catalysts. The applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) require detailed investigations of the structures and properties of catalysts. A novel factor of this work is that the chemical and physical properties of nickel catalysts in the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) inside metallic SWCNTs were investigated. The difference to other works is that metallicity-sorted metallic SWCNTs were used as templates. The growth of carbon nanotubes was monitored in the outer template metallic SWCNTs where metallocenes served as catalysts and sources of carbon. This system provided as best as possible control over the synthesis conditions, and the processes of metallocene catalyst decomposition and metal carbide/metal formation were traced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the positions of Ni 2p XPS were tracked after heating metallocene-filled metallic SWCNTs. All states of nickel were studied in detail with increasing annealing temperature. We found that chemical reactions of molecules, metal carbides, and metals occurred inside metallic SWCNTs upon heating. First, at low annealing temperatures, metastable nickel carbides were formed. Second, at higher annealing temperatures, nickel carbides were transited into metallic nickel. Third, at high annealing temperatures, nickel was removed from SWCNTs. Supplementary MaterialsThe presentation materials can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/proceedings2024105010/s1. FundingThese studies were partly performed during the implementation of the project Building-up Centre for advanced materials application of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, ITMS project code 313021T081 supported by Research & Innovation Operational Programme funded by the ERDF.Institutional Review Board StatementNot applicable.Informed Consent StatementNot applicable.Data Availability StatementThe data are available on request from the author. Conflicts of InterestThe author declare no conflicts of interest. Disclaimer/Publisher's Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. © 2024 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Share and Cite MDPI and ACS Style Kharlamova, M.V. Spectroscopy Insight in the Nickel Catalyst State in Carbon Nanotube Growth inside Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Proceedings 2024, 105, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105010 AMA Style Kharlamova MV. Spectroscopy Insight in the Nickel Catalyst State in Carbon Nanotube Growth inside Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Proceedings. 2024; 105(1):10. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105010 Chicago/Turabian Style Kharlamova, Marianna V. 2024. "Spectroscopy Insight in the Nickel Catalyst State in Carbon Nanotube Growth inside Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes" Proceedings 105, no. 1: 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105010 Article Metrics No No Article Access Statistics Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.