Calculation and planning of multi-beam survey lines based on geometric analysis

The major mainstream method for human ocean exploration is to use sound waves to measure water depth. The paper investigates the application of multi-beam bathymetric surveying technology in ocean depth measurement. Traditional single-beam sonar technology faces challenges in survey line design due to dense track lines and lack of data. To address the challenges of multi-beam survey line design below the sea surface, this paper establishes a mathematical model for calculating coverage width and overlap rate through geometric analysis of the beam's coverage area on the sloping surface. Considering the non-isobath movement of the beam center along the sloping surface, the paper discovered the equivalent relationship between the cross-sectional angle and the horizontal plane. Therefore, a mathematical model for the depth coverage width of multi-beam survey lines was established based on the slope angle and the lateral angle. Based on previous research and relevant references, this paper designed a complete survey line scheme that can fully cover the ideal test area while maintaining a low overlap rate, and verified its rationality.