Characterization of The Physical and Chemical Components of Mangrove Mud in The Cojimies River Estuary, Latitude 0 Experimental Station Located in The Mache River

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of mangrove mud substrates through the collection of soil samples from different plots in the mangrove area. Theoretical Framework: This section presents the main concepts and theories that support the research, such as electrical conductivity, organic matter, pH determination, providing a solid foundation for understanding the research context. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprised an analytical-synthetic approach, with samples collected from eight different plots in the Cojimies River area. Results and Discussion: pH values ranged from 5.48 to 6.29, with a higher tendency towards acidity of the mud. For organic matter, the ranges varied from 3.07% to 9.84%. The increase in mud acidity is related to the levels of organic matter in each plot. The results for electrical conductivity (EC) recorded values ranging from 1.92 to 7.03 dcsm/cm3. Base saturations indicate soils of low fertility, especially with cation elements, particularly calcium, with saturations below 49.22%. This low level is related to greater absorption due to the necessity of this element for exoskeleton formation in all mangrove species. Potassium levels were high, possibly indicating mineralogy and predominance of Illite. Research Implications: Practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing information on how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of the environment and mangrove ecosystems. These implications could encompass all areas or sectors near mangroves. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the originality of the research, whether through innovative approaches, new discoveries, or practical contributions. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced in how low soil fertility affects the formation of exoskeletons, a necessary element for the species living in mangroves.