Anemia in heart failure: clinical and pathogenetic relationship and treatment methods

Noncommunicable diseases are called the epidemic of the 21 st century. Heart failure (HF) is one of them. Among the diseases concomitant to HF, anemia is one of the most common. It is known that HF and anemia as separate conditions can be treated at the outpatient stage. However, their combination is a serious problem. The review presents current view on anemia etiology in HF, their pathogenetic relationship, clinical associations and prognostic significance of anemia in HF, as well as methods for treating anemia against the background of HF and some features that should be taken into account during HF treatment in patients with anemia.