Enhancing taekwondo training with modern technologies: the role of AI, ICT, and wearable devices in learning outcomes

Physical education and martial arts training have witnessed significant development through modern technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Information and Communications Technology (ICT), and wearable devices. These innovations open new horizons for improving the quality of training in taekwondo. The study explores how modern technologies, AI, ICT, and wearable technology affect the learning, motivation, and skill development outcomes of students and teachers in taekwondo education. This mixed-method study conducts an online questionnaire-based survey and a semi-structured interview, including 248 participants for quantitative statistical review, and 227 participants proceeded for the qualitative interview process. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and NVivo software. Compared to traditional training methods, AI-based training programs help trainees acquire skills in the long term. Moreover, these methods also make a significant difference in improving accuracy and speed. Technology tools, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and interactive applications, played an effective role in raising students' engagement and motivation levels during theoretical and practical exercises. The study's uniqueness is its exploration towards integrating AI information and communication technology and wearable devices into a unified educational framework within taekwondo. Technological instruments improve communication between teachers and learners.