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In this study, the heat transfer characteristics within the heat exchanger using water-based GO nanofluids were comprehensively assessed. An apparatus was constructed by scaling down an industrial heat exchanger. The nanofluid's thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, viscosity, density, Prandtl number, and Nusselt number were examined at varying temperatures and GO nanoparticle concentrations. The results revealed that the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid increased with both temperature and nanoparticle concentration, reaching a peak value of 0.380 W m
Khouri et al. (Fri,) studied this question.