Two-Step Preparation of 3D Fluffy, Single-Sided Composite Nanofiber Skeleton with Continuous Internal Network for Multifunctional Sensing

The development of a method for preparing a healthy, comfortable, and nontoxic multifunctional sensor is scientifically significant for enhancing its comprehensive performance and expanding its application areas. This work overcomes the limitations of traditional electrostatic spinning of two-dimensional fibrous membranes and successfully produces nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) with three-dimensional fluffiness and interlayer porosity. Subsequently, polyaniline (PANI) is unilaterally in situ polymerized on NFM to create a flexible wearable device (PNFM) for multifunctional sensing. The staggered interconnection structure of PNFM exhibits excellent reticular connectivity and a high specific surface area, forming a micro- and nanotransportation network for efficient water molecule transport. The one-sided polymerization of PANI and the unique three-dimensional structure of PNFM prevent direct contact between PANI and human skin, minimizing the loss of PANI's moisture sensitivity and conductivity. PNFM sensors are capable of simultaneously sensing humidity and pressure, providing valuable insights into the development of advanced wearable electronic devices.