Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a group of progressive lung diseases that commonly affect men over the age of 40, especially heavy smokers and those living in areas with high pollution levels. This disease has a high mortality and morbidity rate and brings significant social and economic burdens. The prevalence of COPD varies across countries, with the highest rate reported in the United States at 37% and in Indonesia at 3.7%, with the highest prevalence in East Nusa Tenggara (10%). According to WHO, in 2020, COPD became the third leading cause of death globally. The methods used include a systematic summary of 14 data sources to compile information on COPD. The results included definitions, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diaognostic, Assesment, and management of COPD.