Analytic data systems typically use data layouts to improve the performance of scanning and filtering data. Common data layout techniques include single-column sort keys, compound sort keys, and more complex multidimensional data layouts such as the Z-order. An appropriately-selected data layout over a table, in combination with metadata such as zone maps, enables the system to skip irrelevant data blocks when scanning the table, which reduces the amount of data scanned and improves query performance.
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Ding et al. (2024) studied this question.
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