Trend and Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Risk in Peru: An Analysis of the National Demographic and Family Health Survey, 2014-2022

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which encompass a broad array of disorders impacting both the heart and circulatory system, remain a predominant source of mortality and morbidity that takes a toll on populations around the world. Objective This study focuses on the prevalence and trends of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in Peru from 2014 to 2022 and the factors associated with these conditions. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study using a database from the National Survey of Demography and Family Health collected from 2014 to 2022, covering individuals aged 40 to 75. Measurements included blood pressure, smoking, and body mass index (BMI), among others, using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) risk calculator. Stratified sampling methods were applied, and participants lacking interest variables were excluded. Results The prevalence of low and high CVR was 74.89% and 4.48%, respectively. Variations in CVR trends were observed from 2014 to 2022. Factors significantly associated with higher CVR included male sex, older age, higher education, wealth, smoking habits, obesity, and health conditions such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Conclusions The study revealed a significant prevalence of CVR factors in the studied population. The critical importance of addressing these prevalent factors in public health policies and strategies for preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases is strongly highlighted.