Electrode Materials for Calcium Batteries: Future Directions and Perspectives

Despite the prevailing dominance of lithium-ion batteries in consumer electronics and electric vehicle markets, the growing apprehension over lithium availability has ignited a quest for alternative high- energy-density electrochemical energy storage systems. Rechargeable batteries featuring calcium (Ca) metal as negative electrodes (anodes) present compelling prospects, promising notable advantages in energy density, cost-effectiveness, and safety. However, unlocking the full potential of rechargeable Ca metal batteries particularly hinges upon the strategic identification or design of high-energy-density pos- itive electrode (cathode) materials. This imperative task demands expeditious synthetic routes tailored for their meticulous design. In this Perspective, we mainly highlight the development in the cathode ma- terials for calcium batteries and accentuate the unparalleled promise of solid-state metathesis routes in designing a diverse array of high-performance electrode materials.