Gain-Enhanced/End-Fire Phased Array Antenna for Future Cellular Networks

This research paper delves into a new beam-steerable phased array design, showing remarkable radiation capabilities tailored to the demands of upcoming cellular networks like 5G/6G. The study focuses on smartphone applications, recognizing their compact size and intricate structure as pivotal considerations in antenna design. The design methodology is uncomplicated, and specifically tailored for integration into the mainboard of upcoming smart handheld devices. It features eight gain-improved Yagi-dipole antenna elements with pairs of directors organized in a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1× 8</tex> linear array. The resonators boast small dimensions and utilize microstrip-line feedings. The beam-steerable array design achieves a bandwidth ranging from 28 to 33 GHz with a −10 dB cutoff, offering more than 70% total efficiencies and 14 dBi maximum gains.