Second-life batteries are battery cells obtained from electric vehicles where their capacity is no longer sufficient. One option for recycling is their second use in stationary energy storage systems. Second-life battery cells require a specialized approach to their management in energy storage systems. Firstly, significant differences between various cells arising from uneven wear must be effectively compensated for. Additionally, the battery management unit of the battery management system must implement additional functionalities required of such a system. One of the important functions is efficient and reliable thermal management of the connected batteries.
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Šuňal et al. (2024) studied this question.
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