Estimation of Antioxidant and Antithrombotic Effects of Crude Oleuropein Extracted from Olea europaea Using Three Different Techniques

Thromboembolic diseases are becoming more common and leading causes of death and morbidity worldwide. Oleuropein, the phenolic compound found in olive leaves, is well known for its medicinal benefits. This work aims to determine the effectiveness of the oleuropein as anticoagulants by conducting basic coagulation tests using the prothrombin time (PT) and the partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Oleuropein yield was extracted using three techniques which the ultra-sonication induced the highest yield (20±1.0 mg/g), followed by the pressurized liquid (12.43±1.03 mg/g), while the soxhlet method had the lowest yield (4±1.0 mg/g). The DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test showed that ultrasonically-extracted oleuropein inhibited DPPH radicals effectively with an inhibition rate of 85 ± 2.04%. Oleuropein was tested at 10, 15, and 20 mg/mL for anticoagulant effect. At 20 mg/ml, PT increased by 22 ± 2.52 sec. and aPTT by 50 ± 2.69 sec. According to the in silico findings, oleuropein has potential in preventing thrombosis and platelet clotting by binding to active sites on the protease-activated receptor 1 (PRP1) and glycoprotein Ib alpha (GPIbα). It also prevents clot formation through interactions involving GPIbα and von Willebrand factor (VWF) by binding to over 11 active sites on PRP1 and four active sites on GPIbα. The study suggests oleuropein may treat blood-clotting diseases.