Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy: a puzzle for the final diagnosis

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children has diverse causes. Mitochondrial diseases, a rare aetiology leading to cardiomyopathy in 20–40% of affected children, predominantly present as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Diagnosis is challenging due to inconsistent genotype-phenotype correlation, resulting in various clinical presentations. We present a case of a one-month-old infant with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiac tamponade. Genetic diagnosis revealed a Valyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (VARS2) gene mutation, linking it to mitochondrial encephalopathy-cardiomyopathy. This case highlights novel variants and expands the understanding of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy aetiology in infants.