Heatwaves and carbon dioxide enrichment impact invertebrate drift and insect emergence patterns across time in experimental streams

Climate change and human land use are considered key threats to freshwater invertebrates. Heatwaves can impact the phenology of insects and population dynamics, yet have been largely ignored in experiments compared to mean temperature changes. Another major anthropogenic stressor driving invertebrate community changes is deposited fine sediment; therefore, effects of key climate-change drivers on invertebrate drift and insect emergence rates may differ between sediment-impacted and non-impacted streams. However, this has never been tested in a realistic outdoor experiment. We investigated the individual and combined effects of two 7-day heatwaves, CO