Comparative Study between Model-in-the-Loop Offline and Real-Time Simulations for Phasor Measurement Units

Today's distribution networks are transitioning from traditional power grids with passive loads and unidirectional power flow to more complex active distribution networks (ADNs) with high penetration of intermittent distributed energy resources (DERs) and loads with fast-changing dynamics. These changes made the distribution system's planning, control, and monitoring very challenging defying existing control tools such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). The deployment of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in electrical networks constitutes a powerful tool in mitigating the faced challenges. This paper analyses and tests the PMU block provided in the library of the R2021b Matlab together with a proposed PMU model, in different system working conditions, using model-in-the-loop (MIL) offline and real-time simulations.