Chitooligosaccharide Inhabits Migration of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Regulating Epithelial– Mesenchymal Transition

Abstract Background Studies have confirmed that chito-oligosaccharide (COS) has antitumour effect, but research on its effect on pancreatic cancer (PC) remains limited and unclear. This study aimed to explore effects of COS on PC cells. Method We used different concentrations of COS to treat PC cells and conducted Cell Counting Kit-8, wound-healing, and transwell assays to evaluate the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of PC cells, respectively. Western blotting was conducted to assess the expression levels of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers. Result The proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of PC cells (PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2) gradually decreased in a manner dependent on COS concentration. COS at 10 mg/mL exerted the strongest inhibitory effect on the two PC cell lines. At 10 mg/mL, the proliferative activity was 60.61% ± 5.25% and 64.02% ± 4.96%, respectively; the invasive ability was (18.67 ± 4.416) and (31.33 ± 3.162), respectively; and the cell-migration ability was 26.83% ± 0.442% and 17.66% ± 0.647%, respectively. The expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin were significantly downregulated in PANC-1 cells (0.198 ± 0.047 and 0.225 ± 0.038, respectively) and MIAPaCa-2 cells (0.214 ± 0.094 and 0.214 ± 0.094, respectively) at 10 mg/mL, respectively. Conversely, E-cadherin was upregulated (0.460 ± 0.037 and 0.491 ± 0.047, respectively). Compared with control group, the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion The upregulation of E-cadherin and the downregulation of vimentin and N-cadherin suggested that the specific mechanism of COS in PC may be related to EMT. This study provided a new direction for PC treatment.