Bull breeding soundness exams are one of the most important tasks that we perform as bovine veterinarians. This exam is designed to identify subfertile and infertile bulls which if used in a breeding scenario can result in loss of dollars for the producer. This loss of income comes from reduction in calves hitting the ground, a longer calving season, and in total less pounds of calf at the time of weaning.
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Jennifer Koziol (2024) studied this question.
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