Aiming at the problem of joint bidding of photovoltaic power generation (PV) and energy storage system (ESS) in the power supply market and reserve market, a method of real-time power adjustment of PV-ESS is proposed. First of all, the optical ESS carries out bidding decisions in the day-ahead energy and reserve market, increases the day-ahead electricity income of the optical ESS by arranging the day-ahead charge and discharge plan, and reduces the day-ahead reserve purchase cost of the optical ESS by providing reserve capacity through ESS. Then, the operation strategy of the ESS in the real-time stage is proposed. Based on the reserve schemes of the ESS in the day-ahead stage, the uncertainty of the real-time output of PV is addressed through real-time adjustment of ESS charge and discharge power, and the overall income of the optical ESS is increased. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Zhao et al. (2024) studied this question.
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