Abstract Climate change has drastically impacted rainfall distribution and patterns over the globe in recent decades. Developing countries such as India have experienced severe floods and erratic rainfall causing socio-economic and hydrological misbalance. Thus examining rainfall extreme indices plays a vital role in sustainable disaster management and strategies. This study analysed spatio-temporal trends and variation in rainfall extremes using Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) observed gridded data (0.25° × 0.25°) for 1991–2022 for Gandhinagar district of Gujarat. Mann-Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope estimator were used for the statistical significance test. Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) defined selected rainfall extreme indices have been calculated for yearly and decadal scales. Results indicated a non-significant increase in rainfall however a decrease in pre-monsoon while an increase in post-monsoon months has been observed. Though consecutive dry days (CDD) have decreased therefore an increase in moderate and extreme rainy days has been found. Days having extreme rainfall (R30mm) exhibit a positive relation with maximum rainfall in consecutive five days (Rx5day). The outcomes of the study highlight the significance of extreme indices variability which may pose a grave risk to sustainable development, ecosystem, water resources, human health and agriculture and can be used for policy planning and mitigation strategies.
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Kalyan et al. (2024) studied this question.
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