Phase equilibria of the Na₂O‐TiO₂‐SiO₂ system between 900 and 1600°C in air

The Na 2 O‐SiO 2 ‐TiO 2 system is important for the glass, ceramic, and metallurgical industries. Its features provide information on the composition and melting temperature to be utilized during the production of glass and ceramic and during the processing of TiO 2 ‐bearing material in the metallurgical industry. The liquidus temperatures between 900 and 1600°C in the ternary system at saturation of solid SiO 2 , TiO 2, Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 , Na 2 SiTiO 5 , and Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 were measured using the equilibration‐quenching energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy/Electron Probe Microanalyzer technique. A wide range of liquidus compositions were obtained with Na 2 O between 0 and 41.7 mol% in the SiO 2 ‐ and TiO 2 ‐rich regions. The present study provides liquidus data at 1500 and 1600°C for the first time. Liquidus temperatures at various double saturations were also obtained in the present investigation to determine univariant lines in the phase diagram. The present experimental data were compared with previous investigations and computed phase diagrams. The data obtained in the present investigation can be employed to optimize the thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of the Na 2 O‐SiO 2 ‐TiO 2 system.