Insights into Uncommon Presentation—Acute T-cell Lymphoma with Mediastinal Mass and Pericardial Effusion: Exploring the Rare Phenomenon of Spontaneous Tumor Lysis

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening hemato-oncological emergency in which the patient presents with severe metabolic derangements that include hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcemia.However, very rarely, a highly aggressive neoplasm such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or Burkitt lymphoma can present with spontaneous TLS.Preventive actions can reduce its prevalence and severity.Here, we present a male patient who was admitted to the intensive care unit with unspecific symptoms and hidden malignancy.On further evaluation, the patient had hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, a large mediastinal mass, pericardial effusion, and left-sided massive pleural effusion and was also found to be in spontaneous TLS.On further evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.