Cold-atom gravimetry is susceptible to environmental factors and noise resulting from the expansion of the atom cloud, thereby impacting the quality of gravity signals. An amplitude-modulated mirror-pulse scheme for cold-atom gravimeters is proposed to enhance the stability of the gravity measurement. The amplitude-modulated pulse is calculated based on the combined optimal control method of differential evolution and gradient ascent pulse engineering. This combination imparts high robustness to the amplitude-modulated pulse against detuning and coupling strength. Numerical modeling of the atom gravimeter with a cloud of 3 K4pt0ex⁸⁷Rb atoms suggests that, compared with the rectangular pulse, the amplitude-modulated mirror pulse reduces the uncertainty of the gravity value extracted from a single interference fringe, increases the contrast of the interference fringe by about 1.5 times, and improves the stability of the gravity measurement. Additionally, by imposing constraints on pulse-shape smoothness, the phase-noise transfer function of the gravimeter using the amplitude-modulated mirror pulse closely approximates the performance of the rectangular pulse.
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Wang et al. (2024) studied this question.
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