The maximum genus of the generalized Petersen Graph, GP (n, k) for the cases k = 1, 2

In Topological graph theory, the maximum genus of graphs has been a fascinating subject. For a simple connected graph G, the maximum genus γM(G) is the largest genus of an orientable surface on which G has a 2-cell embedding. γM(G) has the upper bound, γM(G)≤[β/2], where β(G) denotes the Betti number and G is said to be upper embeddable if the equality holds. In this study, the maximum genus of GP(n, k) is established as γM(GP(n,k))=[(n+1)/2] for k = 1 and k = 2 by proving the upper embeddability of generalized Petersen graph, GP(n, k) for the cases k = 1 and k = 2. The proof is done by obtaining spanning trees T and examining the components in the edge complements GP(n, k) for the cases k = 1 and k = 2 of GP(n, k).