Histomorphological Spectrum of Appendicular Lesions

Introduction: The appendix, which is a vestigial organ in humans, is attached to caecum. The disease appendicitis is one of the commonest causes of acute abdomen. It is also the commonest reason of the emergency surgery that can lead to signicant morbidity and mortality. Usually when (1) appendectomy is done early, it relieves all the symptoms. The misdiagnosis related to the disease often leads to removal of uninamed appendix. The précised aetiology of appendicitis is uncertain, although the most common hypothesis is the obstruction of appendiceal lumen with secondary infection. The luminal and intraluminal pressure and due to the constant pressure, the thrombosis of appendicular vasculature and venous obstruction occurs resulting in ischemia. The bacteria enter the damaged mucosa and the pus forms inside the appendix eventually causing the (2) infarction and perforation. Aim: We aimed at determining the spectrum, histopathology and prevalence of lesions in appendix in our tertiary care hospital. Material And Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the department of pathology in tertiary care hospital, Mumbai over a period of 18 months. 300 specimens of appendicular lesions received during the study period. The specimens were xed in 10% formalin and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. The lesions were classied based on their histomorphological ndings. Results: This study included total of 300 specimens of resected appendix. In the present study, the total sample number received during study period was 7840, Out of which total number of appendicectomy specimens were 300 (3.82%). present study, the age group from the paediatric to geriatric age group were considered. Majority of patients 99(33%) belong to 21-30 years age group. During the study period, a total number of 300 patients had appendectomy out of which, the number of males was higher than females, with 60% of the cases being male, 40 % being female. In the present study, the non-neoplastic lesions were found in majority. Out of 300 cases, he non- neoplastic lesions accounted for 295 cases (98.4%) and neoplastic lesions contributes 5 cases (1.66%). Conclusions: According to the current study, men are slightly more likely than women to develop appendicitis with predominancy in second and third decades of life. In all cases of acute appendicitis, a histopathological examination of the appendix should be done since it provides crucial clinical information in addition to the operational results. The importance of histological investigation of every resected appendix is demonstrated by uncommon discoveries such as low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasia and adenocarcinoma in clinically suspected acute appendicitis, the presence of which alters the subsequent therapy. Thus, we draw the conclusion that the histological analysis is still the best method for identifying appendiceal lesions.