Can targeted, non-invasive, EMG-uroflowmetry led assessments help characterisation of non-neurogenic bladder dysfunction in children?

Background: Non-neurogenic bladder or lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is a common clinical entity in children with the majority responding to urotherapy.For those refractory to urotherapy, identifying the optimal investigation is a challenge.Invasive urodynamics (Videocystometrography-VCMG) is poorly tolerated by school age children and artefact prone in toddlers.Aims: To evaluate diagnostic efficacy and acceptability of EMG-uroflowmetry led non-invasive testing protocol for children who remain refractory to urotherapy with limited or no concerns about progressive damage to upper tracts.