Enhancing grounding system efficiency through biopore technique in seasonal soil conditions

The grounding system is a critical component in the operation of electrical installations, according to the field of electricity [1,2].Grounding, or earthing, aims to protect and prevent humans from the risk of direct contact with electricity [3].Moreover, the grounding system's purpose is to conduct or transfer electric current to the earth via a grounding rod electrode [4].Static electrical charges, generated by active conductors, create the potential for leakage currents, either from insulation failure or from induction by metal electrical equipment [5], by flowing electric current to the earth at low resistance [6].In Indonesia, grounding systems are regulated by the General Requirements for Electrical Installation of 2000 (PUIL 2000) and the updated 2011 standards, which state that although an ideal resistance is 0 Ω, a maximum grounding value of 5 Ω is considered acceptable [7].