Heat Transfer Simulation for Charging and Discharging of the Cold Thermal Energy Storage using Phase Change Material

In recent years, thermal energy storage systems have garnered significant interest from both researchers and engineers. They offer an appealing solution by addressing the disparity within the supply and demand of thermal energy as well as holding promise in improving the reliability and flexibility of power grids. Essentially, these systems function as a means of energy storage for future use in either heating or cooling purposes. This study presents charging and discharging analysis for cold thermal energy storage units using a phase change material through numerical simulation. Supported by experimental data, a comprehensive numerical analysis was done to evaluate the charging and discharging performance of PCM of a distinct latent thermal energy storage system. Emphasizing cargo preservation, the cold energy storage systems with PCMs were investigated to enhance stability at -18°C. The validated numerical model suggests that a 23% NaCl-water solution is optimal for Cold Thermal Energy Storage, enhancing heat storage and ensuring stable thermal power during phase transitions. The study's findings, including observed temperature plateaus, highlight the effectiveness of this solution in stabilizing cold room temperatures, offering valuable insights for PCM selection and system design to advance the field of thermal energy storage.