Elective Versus Nonelective Spinal Fusions: Surgical and Financial Outcomes in a Bundled Payment Reimbursement Model

Bundled payment for care improvement advanced (BPCIA) is a voluntary alternative payment model administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services using value-based care to reduce costs by incentivizing care coordination and improved quality. We aimed to identify drivers of negative financial performance in BPCIA among patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery.