Oesotracheal Fistula Complicating Prolonged Tracheal Intubation

Esophageal fistula is a rare complication of tracheal intubation. Its mechanisms of occurrence are multiple, suggesting ischaemia of the tracheo-oesophageal wall. Diagnosis is difficult and sometimes delayed, and tracheoesophageal endoscopy remains the examination of choice. Imaging, particularly cervico-thoracic CT scans, can confirm a positive diagnosis by showing communication between the tracheal and oesophageal lumina. Treatment depends on the clinical picture and the severity of associated pulmonary lesions. Prognosis is correlated with the extent and nature of secondary complications. We report an exceptional case of an oesotracheal ¬fistula complicating a prolonged tracheostomy.