Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infusion and Renal Revascularization in Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis - New Modalities in Therapeutic Approach

Recent studies indicate increased Renal Blood Flow (RBF) and cortical perfusion after Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) infusion in Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease (ARVD) patients.They underscores the importance of exploring the new therapeutic modalities alongside endovascular stenting. Delivery of MSCs into the stenotic kidney at the time of revascularization preserves oxygen-dependent tubular function and microvascular architecture, and decreases inflammation and fibrosis. Recovery of cortical perfusion and eGFR has been observed in the contralateral kidney according to recent studies. MSC therapy plays a crucial role in promoting cell proliferation and migration, enhancing angiogenesis while inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation. Furthermore, they preserve endothelial function and provide protection against the progression of fibrosis. To emphasize the potential of MSCs in treating ARVD patients, the aim of this study is to highlight the need for a longer follow-up period. Continuing with a larger patient sample and an extended follow-up period of over 6 months, future research should explore the efficacy of MSCs in restoring endothelial function and microvascular rarefarction in ARVD after stenting. Additionally, there is a need to evaluate treatment guidelines for these patients, which were based on studies conducted almost a decade ago, such as CORAL and ASTRAL.