Forensic anthropological research in Indonesia: developing a sex estimation standard for the contemporary population

Currently, there are a lack of forensic anthropological sex estimation standards for an Indonesian population. Morphoscopic assessments were considered for its ease of use and application to fragmentary remains. For the skull, the cranial nonmetric traits in Walker (2008) are the most frequently used standard. Digital imaging modalities are considered an appropriate proxy to physical skeletal material. This present study assesses the accuracy of Walker (2008) and Asian-derived models in Tallman (2019) on a contemporary Indonesian population. Five univariate and nine multivariate predictive models were derived. This study provides forensic practitioners with an appropriate skeletal sex estimation standard for use in Indonesia, strengthening their capabilities.