Viral and Nematode Infections in Plantings of the Garden Strawberry

Protecting strawberries from various diseases and phytoparasites plays an important role in providing high yields. Ditylenchiasis caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857, Filipjev, 1936) is a wide-spread and highly dangerous disease with the greatest economic impact worldwide. The disease is common in industrial gardens, on farms and subsidiary farms. The stem nematode being a serious pest reduces strawberry yield by almost 3-5 times. Berries become small and ugly on damaged plants and their sugar content decreases. The plant reproductive capacity decreases by 6-10 times. The most dangerous and economically significant viruses for strawberries are arabis mosaic vitis ArMV, strawberry latent ringspot virus SLRSV, tomato black ring virus TBRV, and raspberry ringspot virus RpRSV. The symptoms of strawberry damage by nepoviruses appear as dwarfism and a chlorotic pattern in the form of rings, lines, and spots on leaves. The harmfulness of the viruses on strawberries is shown in decreased yield to 42%, decreased peduncles, ovaries and fruit weight, and the changed chemical composition. The research was carried out on farms of different types of ownership in the Moscow, Yaroslavl, and Tver Regions. The species composition of the viruses on strawberry varieties and hybrids, and the Ditylenchus dipsaci prevalence were studied. In 18% of the studied private subsidiary farms, the infection with the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci was detected. The infection degree ranged from 9 to 28% of the plants on the site. The infected bush yield fell by 40%. The overall virus prevalence was 53.6%. The variation was from 5 to 24% in individual viruses. The cucumber mosaic virus infection was found in 18% of the samples.