Generation of cylindrical vector modes via astigmatic mode conversion

In this work, we propose and demonstrate experimentally a compact technique for generating cylindrical vector beams based on a Michelson interferometer and a π -astigmatic mode converter. The latter is required to invert the topological charge of higher-order Laguerre–Gauss (LG) beams. Our proposed technique generalizes the use of astigmatic mode conversion, commonly associated only with scalar beams, to vector beams with a non-homogeneous polarization distribution. We anticipate that many applications based on Michelson interferometers will benefit from the unique properties of vector beams.