Father�s involvement in the development, care, and upbringing of a child with autism spectrum disorder in Kazakhstan: Results of a comprehensive study

Relevance. The full and harmonious upbringing of a child with autism spectrum disorder requires the active joint efforts of the mother and father. Given the prevalence of traditional family relationships in Kazakhstani society, it is relevant to study the degree of father�s involvement in the educational process aimed at the development and maintenance of a child with autism spectrum disorder. Purpose. The aim of the research is to study the factors that influence the involvement of fathers in the care and nurturing, upbringing and education of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in order to provide recommendations for supporting families and children by specialists of health care, social protection and education systems. Methodology. For detailed empirical disclosure of the issues, a sociological survey, in-depth interview, expert interview and focus group discussion were used. Results. The study recorded, firstly, the presence of adequate and correct understanding by fathers of their child�s diagnosis. But at the same time, this was the result of a complex process of realization, as most fathers were unaware of autism prior to their child�s diagnosis, which caused them stress and susceptibility to stereotypical thinking. The perception of the child�s diagnosis was romanticized or marginalized. Secondly, it was empirically confirmed that the traditional model was the main form of paternal involvement in parenting, where the father predominantly fulfils the function of providing for the family and the mother is responsible for all educational processes. Conclusions. The findings of the study show that over half of mothers spend all their time with their child, while less than one-fifth of fathers do the same. This study on father involvement in the care and upbringing of children with ASD in Kazakhstan is valuable for developing programs to improve family relations and promote equal caregiving.