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October 8, 2025Open Access

Direct-to-Cell: A First Look into Starlink's Direct Satellite-to-Device Radio Access Network through Crowdsourced Measurements

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Measurement study reveals performance metrics of DS2D technology in U.S. areas with limited connectivity, highlighting potential capacity growth.

Direct Satellite-to-Device technology showed stable measurements, indicating a viable solution in areas with poor network coverage.
Crowdsourced data indicates a correlation between satellite deployment and extended mobile connectivity, particularly in underserved regions.
Median RSRP was 24 dB lower and RSRQ was 3 dB higher compared to terrestrial networks, reflecting the SMS-only usage.
Future capacity could expand to 18 Mbps based on regulatory and operational decisions influencing DS2D technology implementation.

Garcia-Cabeza et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Measurement study reveals performance metrics of DS2D technology in U.S. areas with limited connectivity, highlighting potential capacity growth.