Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward pharmacological and non- pharmacological methods for labor pain management among midwives

This review focuses on labor pain management during childbirth, encompassing non-pharmacological and pharmaceutical methods. A thorough literature search was conducted across databases like Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The review, comprising eleven studies, explores topics such as the theoretical framework of labor pain management, midwives' knowledge, attitudes, and practices, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic methods, factors influencing midwives’ strategies, and identified gaps and challenges. The conclusion highlights existing literature gaps and emphasizes the potential for future research to enhance midwifery practices, informed decision making, and obstetric outcomes.