Documentation of Behavioural Patterns of an endangered animal Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) at the Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam

Abstract Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) heavily rely on forests for their survival, as they are forest-dependent animals. In order to thrive, they require vast expanses of undisturbed forest. However, their natural habitat is facing severe threats due to activities such as logging, mining, and the expansion of agriculture. Furthermore, these remarkable creatures are also targeted by hunters for their meat and various body parts, which are unfortunately sought after for use in traditional medicine. This research examines the behavioural dynamics of the Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) at Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary situated at Assam, India, providing critical insights into their social organization, feeding patterns, territorial behaviours, and reproductive strategies. Utilizing methodologies such as direct observations and photography over a year, the study highlights a complex social hierarchy and specialized vocal communication within gibbon groups. Seasonal shifts significantly influence their dietary preferences, which in turn affect their ranging patterns and habitat choices, underscoring the sanctuary’s ecological value for their sustenance. Key findings indicate a reliance on specific fruit-bearing trees and the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on their spatial distribution. These observations are instrumental for crafting targeted conservation strategies, stressing the importance of habitat conservation, continuous ecological monitoring, and local community engagement in conservation efforts. By offering a deeper understanding of behavioural ecology of Hoolock hoolock, this study lays the groundwork for informed conservation practices essential for the survival and well-being of this endangered species.