We validated the use of 3-D printed Shepard and Metzler-style shapes in a simultaneous cross-modal (vision & touch) mental rotation procedure. Participants compared a visually presented 3-D shape to a 3-D shape they could only feel to determine if the shapes were the same. Participant response time and error rate demonstrated the expected linear increase as the angular disparity of the 3-D printed shapes increased. We expect the freely available data and stimuli from the procedure will be useful to researchers studying both traditional mental rotation and cross-modality mental rotation with complex, highly adaptable, and easy to create shapes.
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Wolf et al. (2024) studied this question.
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