Selection based on the phenomenic approach and agronomic ideotic of white oat

Abstract This work aimed to propose multivariate selection strategies reconciling the agronomic ideotype and vegetation indices to obtain genotypes with high tillering, early cycle, tolerant to lodging, and foliar diseases. The sowing of white oat lines was carried out on April 27, 2023, allocated in an experimental design of blocks augmented with interspersed controls. The regular treatments correspond to 593 lines of white oat and the common treatments were represented by the cultivars URS Olada, URS Altaneira, and IPR Artêmis arranged in four replications. The measurements of variables of agronomic interest took place in each experimental unit as follows: percentage of tillering, days to flowering, percentage of lodging, percentage of leaf rust, percentage of stem rust, and percentage of leaf spots. The phenomic analyses took place through flights carried out with a specialized drone, equipped with a 20 MP resolution camera and standard height (80 m). The best proposed indices were index for reducing the percentage of lodging with normalized green (NG), green–red ratio (IGR), soil color index (SCI), green leaf index (GLI), visible atmospheric resistant index (VARI), green leaf index 2 (GLI2), red–blue (RB), blue green pigment (BGI), normalized red–blue difference index (NRBDI), green–blue ratio, BIM, normalized green–blue difference index (NGBDI), and ExGR; index for reducing days to flowering with brightness index (BI), NRBDI, days to flowering (DF), gray (GRAY), IGR, average intensity (L), normalized red (NR), RGRI, SCI, BGI, BIM, GLI, NGBDI, and NG; and index for reducing the percentage of stem rust with NG, BI, Gray2, GLI2, RGRI, GLI, VARI, BGI, L, NR, RB, and coloration index. Only two lines were selected concomitantly with multivariate indices, line L167 (M 5 , SA) and L426 (M 6 , ETMS), that combine lodging tolerance and leaf rust genes.